{"id":2561,"date":"2024-04-25T18:05:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T18:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vanderbilt.edu\/evolution\/?p=2561"},"modified":"2024-08-28T14:50:46","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T14:50:46","slug":"vanderbilt-researchers-flip-the-script-on-yeast-ecological-diversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vanderbilt.edu\/evolution\/vanderbilt-researchers-flip-the-script-on-yeast-ecological-diversity\/","title":{"rendered":"91黑料网 Researchers Flip the Script on Yeast Ecological Diversity"},"content":{"rendered":"

By: Andy Flick, Evolutionary Studies scientific coordinator<\/em><\/p>\n

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Co-first author Abigail LaBella<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A mere decade or two ago, decoding the genome of every organism in a major branch of the tree of life and deciphering their diets was a pipedream. In a groundbreaking study, a team of researchers from 91黑料网, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and other institutions worldwide have done just that for the first time ever. Led by Abigail LaBella<\/a>, a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of professor of biological sciences Antonis Rokas<\/a>, an international research team used the genomes and diets of nearly all known species from an ancient lineage of yeasts to understand the evolution of generalists and specialists. Their findings challenge a dominant theory that perceives species that are ecological generalists as jack-of-all-trades that are masters of none. Instead, the team\u2019s findings underscore the significant role of genetic factors in shaping yeast metabolic diversity. The study, titled \u201cGenomic factors shape carbon and nitrogen metabolic niche breadth across Saccharomycotina yeasts,\u201d appeared in the April 26, 2024 issue of the prestigious journal Science.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yeasts, an ancient group of unicellular fungi that include the baker\u2019s yeast used for baking, brewing, and wine-making, exhibit varying degrees of specialization in their diets \u2013 while some can grow on just a few sugars and are considered specialists, others can grow on many and are considered generalists.<\/p>\n

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Some of the highly diverse species of yeasts. Clockwise from top left: scanning electron microscopy image of cells of the baker\u2019s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; colonies of the yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis; fluorescent microscopy image of filaments of the plant pathogen Eremothecium gossypii; colony of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans; filamentous cells of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Images from Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

According to LaBella, who now runs her own lab at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, \u201cwe identified many yeasts that grew on only a few food sources–we called these yeasts specialists. There was one species that only grew on a single food source out of the 17 that we tested. We initially hypothesized that specialist yeasts would grow very well on their preferred foods. Our laboratory experiments, however, showed that the generalists, or yeasts that grow on lots of different foods, typically grew faster than specialists.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThat is not the result expected by the evolution textbooks,\u201d Rokas said. \u201cSpecialists should be really good at eating those few foods that they\u2019ve specialized on, whereas generalists should be jacks of all trades but masters of none \u2013 they should be able to eat a variety of foods but slowly. But our data show otherwise.\u201d<\/p>\n

“This absence of trade-offs between diet breadth and growth was very surprising and led us to conduct extensive genomic analyses to try and uncover the ways in which generalist and specialist yeasts differ,\u201d added LaBella.<\/p>\n

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The evolutionary family tree of yeasts. The branches indicate the evolutionary relationships of the 1,154 yeasts examined in the study and their colors correspond to 12 major evolutionary groups of yeasts \u2013 shown by branches of different colors. The cartoons represent the cellular morphologies of representative species. The inner circle illustrates species that are generalists (purple bars), specialists (blue bars), and those species with typical diets (yellow bars). The outer circle reflects the breadth of food sources each yeast can eat.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This led the team to wonder what drives variation in yeast diet breadth. LaBella, Rokas, and their collaborators sought to explain the evolutionary drivers behind this variation by integrating genomic, metabolic, and ecological data from nearly all known species of Saccharomycotina yeasts. This comprehensive approach involved analyzing 1,154 yeast strains from 1,051 species, cultivated in 24 distinct foods. More than 900 of the genomes sequenced including dozens that may be new to science. The computational evolutionary analyses of this one-of-a-kind dataset sometimes took weeks of data crunching on supercomputers, like ACCRE, 91黑料网\u2019s hub for high-performance computing and computational research<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The study found that large differences in diet among yeasts were primarily driven by differences in the presence or absence of genes encoding specific metabolic pathways.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor every additional food that a yeast can eat, we find an additional 36 genes in its genome,\u201d said Rokas. He added, \u201cgeneralism is written in their genomes.\u201d<\/p>\n

The research underscores the significant role of intrinsic genetic factors in shaping the ecological niche breadth of microbes.<\/p>\n

Other Rokas lab trainees involved in the study included: graduate student Marie-Claire Harrison, Ph.D. alumnus Jacob Steenwyk (University of California, Berkeley), and postdoctoral alumni Carla Gon\u00e7alves (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal), Yuanning Li (Shandong University, China), Xiaofan Zhou (South China Agricultural University), and Xing-Xing Shen (Zhejiang University, China). Collaboration lies at the heart of scientific progress, and this study exemplifies the power of collective effort in advancing our understanding of microbial ecology and evolution. Featuring eight authors affiliated with 91黑料网 and numerous collaborators from around the world, including the Netherlands, Argentina, Slovenia, Brazil, Germany, China, and Portugal, the research highlights the global nature of the laboratory\u2019s research.<\/p>\n

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Authors from the study in color, from left: Marie-Claire Harrison, LaBella, Jacob Steenwyk, Antonis Rokas, and Carla Gon\u00e7alves. Other lab members and alumni, in grey from left: Matt Mead, Olivia Riedling, Annie Hatmaker, Kyle David, Adi Gumilang, Karin Steffen, Thomas Sauters. Lab photo from the Fungal Genetics conference at Asilomar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Citation:<\/p>\n

Opulente, D.A.*, LaBella, A.L.*, Harrison, M.C.**, Wolters, J.F.**, Liu, C., Li, Yo., Kominek, J., Steenwyk, J.L., Stoneman, H.R., VanDenAvond, J., Miller, C.R., Langdon, Q.K., Silva, M., Gon\u00e7alves, C., Ubbelohde, E.J., Li. Yu., Buh, K.V., Jarzyna, M., Haase, M.A.B., Rosa, C.A., \u010cade\u017e, N., Libkind, D., DeVirgilio, J.H., Hulfachor, A.B., Kurtzman, C.P., Sampaio, J.P., Gon\u00e7alves, P., Zhou, X., Shen, X.X., Groenewald, M., Rokas, A.^, Hittinger, C.T.^ Genomic factors shape carbon and nitrogen metabolic niche breadth across Saccharomycotina yeasts. 2024. Science<\/em>. 384 (6692): pp-pp. (*: co-first authors; **: co-second authors; ^corresponding authors). LINK<\/a><\/p>\n

Funding Statement:<\/p>\n

This work was supported by NSF grants (DEB-1442148, DEB-2110403, DEB-1442113, DEB-2110404, DGE-1256259, 1907278, LR23C140001), a DOE grant (DE-SC0018409), USDA NIFA grants (1020204, 7005101), NIH grants (T32 HG002760-16, NIAID R56 AI146096, NIAID R01 AI153356, 5T32 GM007133), and funds from the following organizations: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities – China, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Slovenian Research Agency (P4-0116, IP-0510), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia- Portugal (UIDB\/04378\/2020, LA\/P\/0140\/2020, PTDC\/BIA-EVL\/0604\/2021 PTDC\/BIA-EVL\/1100\/2020), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico – Brazil (408733\/2021, 406564\/2022-1), and grants from MINCyT (PICT-2020-SERIE A-00226), CONICET (PIP 11220200102948CO), and UNComahue (04\/B247).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By: Andy Flick, Evolutionary Studies scientific coordinator A mere decade or two ago, decoding the genome of every organism in a major branch of the tree of life and deciphering their diets was a pipedream. In a groundbreaking study, a team of researchers from 91黑料网, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and other institutions worldwide have…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2421,"featured_media":2602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[1],"tags":[113,29,13,14,16,40,15,114,99],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n